'Post-translational modification' 태그의 글 목록

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'Post-translational modification'에 해당되는 글 2건

2007. 4. 14. 00:59

MAP (Methionine Aminopeptidase) is involved in protein maturation and is responsible for removal of N-terminal Met. The cleavage is dependent on the second amino acid residue. The substrate specificities of yeast and E. coli MAPs were identified as below.

Amino-terminal processing of mutant forms of yeast iso-1-cytochrome c. The specificities of methionine aminopeptidase and acetyltransferase. Tsunasawa S, Stewart JW, Sherman F.J Biol Chem. 1985 May 10;260(9):5382-91

... Amino-terminal processing in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been investigated by examining numerous mutationally altered forms of iso-1-cytochrome c. Amino-terminal residues of methionine were retained in sequences having penultimate residues of arginine, asparagine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, and methionine; in contrast, the amino-terminal methionine residues were exercised from residues of alanine, glycine, and threonine and were partially excised from residues of valine. ...

Processing of the initiation methionine from proteins: properties of the Escherichia coli methionine aminopeptidase and its gene structure. Ben-Bassat A, Bauer K, Chang SY, Myambo K, Boosman A, Chang S. J Bacteriol. 1987 Feb;169(2):751-7

This conclusion is consistent, in general, with the deduced specificity of the enzyme based on the analysis of known amino-terminal sequences of intracellular proteins (S. Tsunasawa, J. W. Stewart, and F. Sherman, J. Biol. Chem. 260:5382-5391, 1985).

Gonzales and Robert-Baudouy showed a table in their review paper (FEMS Microbiol Rev. 1996 Jul;18(4):319-44) about MAP.

In Prokaryotes, there are two steps for protein maturation. Because the first amino acid is N-formylmethionine in prokaryotes, the removal of Met was followed by deformylation and these are the stepwise process (Adams JM., J Mol Biol. 1968 May 14;33(3):571-89) Almost half of E. coli proteins has Met in their N-terminus (Waller JP. J Mol Biol. 1963 Nov;62:483-96; Miller CG etal., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(9):2718-22.)

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Post-translational modification; When your MASS is different from the theoretical Molecular weight

2007. 3. 24. 05:09

[카테고리 없음]

When people purify their proteins, they measure the molecular weight using MASS Spec. ESI-MASS is very nice to measure the molecular weight of proteins, and sometimes you find out your protein's MASS result is different from the theoretical molecular weight.

In most cases, unless the gene is correct, your proteins might be modified after translation. Post-translational modification is pretty common in any organisms, especially in eukayotes. Even if you express your protein in E. coli, you may get somewhat different MASS results.

The web site below is very useful to identify what kind of modification was occurred in your protein from molecular weight difference.

http://www.abrf.org/index.cfm/dm.home

If you want to see all kinds of modifications,

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Avg.Mass Change	Modification

-79	5' dephospho
-58	Desmosine (from Lysine)
-48	decomposed carboxymethylated Methionine
-44	decarboxylation of gamma carboxy Glutamate
-43	gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde (from arginine)
-42	Ornithine (from Arginine)
-34	Lysinoalanine (from Cysteine)
-34	Lanthionine (from Cysteine)
-34	Dehydroalanine (from Cysteine)
-30	Homoserine formed from Met by CNBr treatment
-27	Oxidation of arginine (to glutamic acid)
-18	Formylglycine (from cysteine)
-18	Pyroglutamic Acid formed from Glutamic Acid
-18	Dehydration (-H2O)
-18	S-gamma-Glutamyl (crosslinked to Cysteine)
-18	O-gamma-Glutamyl- (Crosslink to Serine)
-18	Serine to Dehydroalanine
-18	Alaninohistidine (Serine crosslinked to theta or pi carbon of Histidine)
-18	Misincorporation of Norleucine for Methionine
-18	Succinimide formation from aspartic acid
-17	Pyroglutamic Acid formed from Gln
-17	N-pyrrolidone carboxyl (N terminus)
-17	N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-lysine
-17	N-(beta-Aspartyl)-Lysine (Crosslink)
-17	Succinimide formation from asparagine
-17	S-carbamoylmethylcysteine cyclization (N-terminus)
-16	Pyruvoyl- (Serine)
-5	Crosslink between Arg and His sidechains
-4	3,3',5,5'-TerTyr (Crosslink)
-2	Formylglycine (from serine)
-2	Disulphide bond formation (Cystine)
-2	S-(2-Histidyl)- (Crosslinked to Cysteine)
-2	S-(3-Tyr) (Crosslinked to Cysteine)
-2	3,3'-BiTyr (Crosslink)
-2	IsodiTyr (Crosslink)
-1	Allysine (from Lysine)
-1	Amide formation (C terminus)
-1	Oxidation of lysine (to aminoadipic semialdehyde)
1	Deamidation of Asparagine and Glutamine to Aspartate and Glutamate
1	Citruline (from Arginine)
2	Cysteine x2, reduction of Cystine (Cys-Cys)
2	Reduction of indole double bond of Trp
4	Oxidation of Trp to kynurenine
12	Lysine epsilon amino to imine
12	Cysteine (N-term) formaldehyde adduct (Cys to Thioproline conversion)
12	Formaldehyde adduct of Trp
13	Syndesine (from Lysine)
13	CM-Cys vs PAM-Cys
14	Methylation (N terminus, N epsilon of Lysine, O of Serine, Threonine or C terminus, N of Asparagine)
14	CAM-Cys vs PAM-Cys
15	delta-Hydroxy-allysine (from Lysine)
15	Oxidation of lysine (to aminoadipic acid)
16	Hydroxylation (of delta C of Lysine, beta C of Tryptophan, C3 or C4 of Proline, beta C of Aspartate)
16	Oxidation of Methionine (to Sulphoxide)
16	3,4-Dihydroxy-Phenylalanine (from Tyrosine) (DOPA)
16	Oxohistidine (from histidine)
16	Sulfenic Acid (from Cysteine)
16	Oxidation of proline (to gamma-glutamyl semialdehyde)
22	Sodium
28	Ethyl
28	N,N dimethylation (of Arginine or Lysine)
28	2,4-BisTrp-6,7-dione (from Tryptophan)
28	Formylation (CHO)
30	6,7 Dione (from Tryptophan)
32	3,4,6-Trihydroxy-Phenylalanine (from Tyrosine) (TOPA)
32	3,4-Dihydroxylation (of Proline)
32	Oxidation of Methionine (to Sulphone)
32	Oxidation of proline (to glutamic acid)
32	Double oxidation of Trp
34	3-Chlorination (of Tyrosine with 35Cl)
36	3-Chlorination (of Tyrosine with 37Cl)
38	Potassium
42	Acetylation (N terminus, N epsilon of Lysine, O of Serine) (Ac)
42	N-Trimethylation (of Lysine)
43	Carbamylation
44	disodium
45	Nitro (NO2)
46	beta-Methylthio-aspartic acid
48	Cysteic acid, oxidation of cysteine
51	Piperidine adduct to C-terminal Cys
56	t-butyl ester(OtBu) and t-butyl (tBu)
57	Glycyl (-G-,-Gly-)
57	Carboxamidomethyl (on Cysteine)
58	Carboxymethyl (on Cysteine)
60	sodium + potassium
64	Selenocysteine (from Serine)
67	Asp transamidation with piperidine
68	3,5-Dichlorination (of Tyrosine with 35Cl)
69	Dehydroalanine (Dha)
70	3,5-Dichlorination (of Tyrosine with mixture of 35Cl and 37Cl))
70	Pyruvate
71	Sarcosyl
71	Alanyl (-A-, -Ala-)
71	Acetamidomethyl (Acm)
71	Propionamide or Acrylamide adduct
72	3,5-Dichlorination (of Tyrosine with 37Cl)
74	S-(sn-1-Glyceryl) (on Cysteine)
74	Glycerol Ester (on Glutamic acid side chain)
75	Glycine (G, Gly)
76	Phenyl ester (OPh) (on acidic)
76	Beta mercaptoethanol adduct
78	3-Bromination (of Tyrosine with 79Br)
78	L-o-bromination of Phe with 79Br
80	L-o-bromination of Phe with 81Br
80	Sulphonation (SO3H) (of PMC group)
80	Sulphation (of O of Tyrosine)
80	Phosphorylation (O of Serine, Threonine, Tyrosine and Aspartate, N epsilon of Lysine)
80	3-Bromination (of Tyrosine with 81Br)
82	Cyclohexyl ester (OcHex)
83	Dehydroamino butyric acid (Dhb)
83	Homoseryl lactone
85	2-Aminobutyric acid (Abu)
85	2-Aminoisobutyric acid (Aib)
85	Gamma Aminobutyryl
86	t-butyloxymethyl (Bum)
86	Diaminopropionyl
87	N-(4-NH2-2-OH-butyl)- (of Lysine) (Hypusine)
87	Seryl (-S-, -Ser-)
88	t-butylsulfenyl (StBu)
89	Alanine (A, Ala)
89	Sarcosine (Sar)
90	Anisyl
90	Benzyl (Bzl) and benzly ester (OBzl)
93	1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT)
95	Dehydroprolyl
96	Trifluoroacetyl (TFA)
97	N-hydroxysuccinimide (ONSu, OSu)
97	Prolyl (-P-, -Pro-)
98	Cysteic acid x2, oxidation of cystine
98	Tetramethylguanidinium termination by-product on amine
98	Phosphate/sulphate adduct of proteins
99	Valyl (-V-, -Val-)
99	Isovalyl (-I-,-Iva-)
100	t-Butyloxycarbonyl (tBoc)
101	Threoyl (-T-, -Thr-)
101	Homoseryl (-Hse-)
103	Cystyl (-C-, -Cys-)
104	4-Methylbenzyl (Meb)
104	Benzoyl (Bz)
105	Serine (S, Ser)
105	Pyridylethylation of cysteine
106	HMP (hydroxymethylphenyl) linker
106	Thioanisyl
106	Thiocresyl
111	2-Piperidinecarboxylic acid (Pip)
111	Pyroglutamyl
113	Hydroxyprolyl (-Hyp-)
113	Isoleucyl (-I-, -Ile-)
113	Leucyl (-L-, -Leu-)
113	Norleucyl (-Nle-)
114	Asparagyl (-N-, -Asn-)
114	t-amyloxycarbonyl (Aoc)
114	Ornithyl (-Orn-)
115	Proline (P, Pro)
115	Aspartyl (-D-, -Asp-)
117	Succinyl
117	Valine (V, Val)
117	Hydroxybenzotriazole ester (HOBt)
118	Dimethylbenzyl (diMeBzl)
119	Threonine (T, Thr)
119	Cysteinylation
120	Benzyloxymethyl (Bom)
120	p-methoxybenzyl (Mob, Mbzl)
121	4-Nitrophenyl, p-Nitrophenyl (ONp)
121	Cysteine (C, Cys)
125	Chlorobenzyl (ClBzl)
126	Iodination (of Histidine[C4] or Tyrosine[C3])
128	Glutamyl (-Q-, -Gln-)
128	Lysyl (-K-, -Lys-)
129	Glutamyl (-E-, -Glu-)
129	O-Methyl Aspartamyl
130	N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-Glu
131	Norleucine (Nle)
131	Hydroxyproline (Hyp)
131	Isoleucine (I, Ile)
131	Leucine (L, Leu)
131	Methionyl (-M-, -Met-)
131	Hydroxy Aspartamyl
131	bb-dimethyl Cystenyl
132	Asparagine (N, Asn)
132	Pentoses (Ara, Rib, Xyl)
133	Aspartic Acid (D, Asp)
134	Benzyloxycarbonyl (Z)
134	Adamantyl (Ada)
135	p-Nitrobenzyl ester (ONb)
137	Histidyl (-H-, -His-)
142	N-methyl Glutamyl
142	N-methyl Lysyl
143	O-methyl Glutamyl
143	Diphthamide (from Histidine)
144	Hydroxy Lysyl (-Hyl-)
145	Methyl Methionyl
146	Glutamine (Q, Gln)
146	Deoxyhexoses (Fuc, Rha)
146	Lysine (K, Lys)
146	Pentosyl
146	Aminoethyl Cysteinyl (AECys)
147	4-Glycosyloxy- (pentosyl,C5) (of Proline)
147	Glutamic Acid (E, Glu)
147	Phenylalanyl- (-F-, -Phe-)
147	Methionyl Sulfoxide
148	Pyridyl Alanyl
149	2-Nitrobenzoyl (NBz)
149	Methionine (M, Met)
149	Fluorophenylalanyl
150	Dimethoxybenzyl Trp
153	2-Nitrophenylsulphenyl (Nps)
154	4-Toluenesulphonyl (Tosyl, Tos)
154	3-nitro-2-pyridinesulfenyl (Npys)
155	Histidine (H, His)
156	3,5-Dibromination (of Tyrosine with 79Br)
156	Arginyl (-R-, -Arg-)
157	Citrulline
158	3,5-Dibromination (of Tyrosine with mixture of 79Br and 81Br)
159	Dichlorobenzyl (Dcb)
160	3,5-Dibromination (of Tyrosine with 81Br)
160	Carboxyamidomethyl Cystenyl
161	Hexosamines (GalN, GlcN)
161	Carboxymethyl cysteine (Cmc)
161	Carboxymethyl Cystenyl
161	Methylphenylalanyl
162	Inositol
162	N-Glucosyl (N terminus or N epsilon of Lysine) (Aminoketose)
162	O-Glycosyl- (to Serine or Threonine)
162	Linker attached to peptide in Fmoc peptide synthesis
162	Hexoses (Fru, Gal, Glc, Man)
163	Tyrosinyl (-Y-, -Tyr-)
163	MethionylSulphone
165	Phenylalanine (F, Phe)
166	2,4 -dinitrophenyl (Dnp)
166	Pentaflourophenyl (Pfp)
166	Diphenylmethyl (Dpm)
167	Phospho Seryl
169	2-Chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl (ClZ)
169	Napthyl acetyl
170	N-acetyl Lysyl
170	N-methyl Arginyl
172	Ethanedithiol/TFA cyclic adduct
173	Carboxy Glutamyl (Gla)
174	Arginine (R, Arg)
174	Acetamidomethyl Cystenyl
174	Acrylamidyl Cystenyl
176	N-Glucuronyl (N terminus)
177	delta-Glycosyloxy- (of Lysine) or beta-Glycosyloxy- (of Phenylalanine or Tyrosine)
177	4-Glycosyloxy- (hexosyl,C6) (of Proline)
177	Benzyl Seryl
177	N-methyl Tyrosinyl
178	a-N-Gluconoylation (His Tagged proteins)
179	p-Nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl (4Nz)
179	2,4,5-Trichlorophenyl
180	2,4,6-trimethyloxybenzyl (Tmob)
180	Xanthyl (Xan)
181	Tyrosine (Y, Tyr)
182	Chlorophenylalanyl
182	Mesitylene-2-sulfonyl (Mts)
183	AEBSF
184	Isopropyl Lysyl
186	Tryptophanyl (-W-, - Trp-)
186	Carboxymethyl Lysyl
188	N-Lipoyl- (on Lysine)
190	Matrix alpha cyano MH+
191	Benzyl Threonyl
193	Benzyl Cystenyl
197	Napthyl Alanyl
198	Succinyl Aspartamyl
201	HMP (hydroxymethylphenyl)/TFA adduct
203	N-acetylhexosamines (GalNAc, GlcNAc)
204	Tryptophan (W, Trp)
204	Cystine ((Cys)2)
204	Farnesylation
206	S-Farnesyl-
206	Myristoylation-4H (2 double bonds)
208	Myristoleylation (myristoyl with one double bond)
208	Pyridylethyl Cystenyl
210	Myristoylation
212	4-Methoxy-2,3,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonyl (Mtr)
213	2-Bromobenzyloxycarbonyl (BrZ)
214	Formyl Tryptophanyl
219	Benzyl Glutamyl
219	Anisole Adducted Glutamyl
222	9-Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc)
222	S-cystenyl Cystenyl
226	Biotinylation (amide bond to lysine)
226	Dimethoxybenzhydryl (Mbh)
229	N-Pyridoxyl (on Lysine)
231	Pyridoxal phosphate (Schiff Base formed to lysine)
233	Dansyl (Dns)
233	Nicotinyl Lysyl
238	2-(p-biphenyl)isopropyl-oxycarbonyl (Bpoc)
238	Palmitoylation
242	Triphenylmethyl (Trityl, Trt)
243	Tyrosinyl Sulphate
243	Phospho Tyrosinyl
252	Pbf (pentamethyldihydrobenzofuransulfonyl)
252	3,5-Diiodination (of Tyrosine)
258	a-N-6-Phosphogluconoylation (His Tagged proteins)
259	N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-Glu2
266	O-GlcNAc-1-phosphorylation (of Serine)
266	Stearoylation
266	Pmc (2,2,5,7,8- Pentamethylchroman-6-sulphonyl)
272	Geranylgeranylation
272	Monomethoxytrityl
276	S-Geranylgeranyl
289	5'phos dCytidinyl
289	iodo Tyrosinyl
290	Aldohexosyl Lysyl
291	Sialyl
291	N-acetylneuraminic acid (Sialic acid, NeuAc, NANA, SA)
304	5'phos dThymidinyl
305	5'phos Cytidinyl
305	Glutathionation
306	O-Uridinylylation (of Tyrosine)
306	5'phos Uridinyl
307	N-glycolneuraminic acid (NeuGc)
307	S-farnesyl Cystenyl
313	5'phos dAdenosyl
324	O-pantetheinephosphorylation (of Serine)
327	SucPhencarb Lysyl
329	5'phos dGuanosyl
329	5'phos Adenosinyl
329	O-5'-Adenosylation ( of Tyrosine)
339	4'-Phosphopantetheine
342	S-palmityl Cystenyl
345	5'phos Guanosyl
354	Biotinyl Lysyl
359	Fluorescein labelling of peptide N-terminal using NHS ester
365	Hex-HexNAc
388	N alpha -(gamma-Glutamyl)-Glu3
391	Dioctyl Phthalate
395	PMC Lysyl
409	Aedans Cystenyl
413	Dioctyl Phthalate Sodium Adduct
415	di-iodo Tyrosinyl
423	PMC Arginyl
454	S-Coenzyme A
457	AMP Lysyl
470	3,5,3'-Triiodothyronine (from Tyrosine)
524	S-(sn-1-Dipalmitoyl-glyceryl)- (on Cysteine)
541	S-(ADP-ribosyl)- (on Cysteine)
541	N-(ADP-ribosyl)- (on Arginine)
541	O-ADP-ribosylation (on Glutamate or C terminus)
541	ADP-rybosylation (from NAD)
587	S-Phycocyanobilin (on Cysteine)
617	S-Heme (on Cysteine)
648	N theta -(ADP-ribosyl) diphthamide (of Histidine)
657	NeuAc-Hex-HexNAc
783	O-8 alpha-Flavin [FAD])- (of Tyrosine)
784	S-(6-Flavin [FAD])- (on Cysteine)
784	N theta and N pi-(8alpha-Flavin) (on Histidine)
893	(Hex)3-HexNAc-HexNAc
1,039	(Hex)3-HexNAc-(dHex)HexNAc

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